Djangoda GraphQL ni qo‘llanilishi va Graphene kutubxonasi

Jahongir Hakimjonov • June 25, 2024

GraphQL — bu API (Application Programming Interface) uchun so‘rovlar tili bo‘lib, foydalanuvchilarga kerakli ma’lumotlarni aniq so‘rab olish imkonini beradi. Django’da GraphQL qo‘llanilishi Graphene-Django kutubxonasidan foydalanish orqali amalga oshiriladi. Keling, GraphQL va Django’da GraphQL qanday qo‘llanilishini bosqichma-bosqich ko‘rib chiqaylik.

GraphQL haqida qisqacha

GraphQL Facebook tomonidan ishlab chiqilgan va ochiq manba (open-source) bo‘lgan. REST API-lardan farqli o‘laroq, foydalanuvchilarga kerakli ma’lumotlarni aniq so‘rab olish imkonini beradi. REST’da bir nechta so‘rov orqali olinadigan ma’lumotlarni GraphQL yordamida bir so‘rov orqali olish mumkin.

Django’da GraphQL qo‘llanilishi

Django’da GraphQL ishlatish uchun Graphene-Django kutubxonasidan foydalaniladi. Quyida Graphene-Django yordamida oddiy GraphQL API yaratish bosqichlari:

Django loyihasini yaratish va unga Graphene-Django-ni o‘rnatish
bash
```
1pip install graphene-django
```

GraphQL image 1

Django ilovasini yaratish
bash
```
1python manage.py startapp myapp
```

GraphQL image 2

Ilovani sozlash — settings.py fayliga kerakli konfiguratsiyalarni qo‘shish

python

1INSTALLED_APPS = [
2    ...
3    "graphene_django",
4    "myapp",
5]
6
7GRAPHENE = {
8    "SCHEMA": "myapp.schema.schema"
9}

GraphQL image 3

Model yaratish (myapp/models.py)

python

1from django.db import models
2
3class Author(models.Model):
4    name = models.CharField(max_length=100)
5    age = models.IntegerField()

GraphQL image 4

Schema va Query yaratish (myapp/schema.py)

python

1import graphene
2from graphene_django import DjangoObjectType
3from .models import Author
4
5class AuthorType(DjangoObjectType):
6    class Meta:
7        model = Author
8        fields = ("id", "name", "age")
9
10class Query(graphene.ObjectType):
11    all_authors = graphene.List(AuthorType)
12
13    def resolve_all_authors(root, info):
14        return Author.objects.all()
15
16schema = graphene.Schema(query=Query)

GraphQL image 5

URL-larni sozlash (myproject/urls.py)

python

1from django.contrib import admin
2from django.urls import path
3from graphene_django.views import GraphQLView
4
5urlpatterns = [
6    path("admin/", admin.site.urls),
7    path("graphql/", GraphQLView.as_view(graphiql=True)),
8]

GraphQL image 6

Ma’lumotlar bazasini migratsiya qilish

bash

1python manage.py makemigrations
2python manage.py migrate

GraphQL image 7

GraphQL endpoint-ni test qilish — serverni ishga tushirib, brauzerda:

👉 http://127.0.0.1:8000/graphql/

Bu yerda GraphiQL interfeysi orqali so‘rov yuborishingiz mumkin:
graphql
```
1{
2  allAuthors {
3    id
4    name
5    age
6  }
7}
```

GraphQL image 8

Xulosa

GraphQL — foydalanuvchiga aniq ma’lumotlarni olish imkonini beradi.
Graphene-Django — Django’da GraphQL qo‘llash uchun qulay kutubxona.
Bu yondashuv orqali API’lar yanada moslashuvchan va samarali bo‘ladi.

Implementing GraphQL in Django and the Graphene library.

Djangoda GraphQL ni qo‘llanilishi va Graphene kutubxonasi

GraphQL haqida qisqacha

Django’da GraphQL qo‘llanilishi

Xulosa